- 规划与建设
- 文章编号：1009-6000(2025)10-0093-06
- 中图分类号：X37 文献标识码：B
- Doi：10.3969/j.issn.1009-6000.2025.10.014
- 作者简介：张凌凡，南京大学政府管理学院博士研究生。
- 美国河流TMDL计划特点及对中国流域治理的启示
- An Analysis of the Characteristics of the U.S. TMDL Program and Its Implications for River Basin Management Practices in China
- 张凌凡
- ZHANG Lingfan
- 摘要：
目前中国水污染总量控制的研究机制、遥制方法和过程性进展等亟须改进。通过分析美国河流每日最大负荷总量（TMDL）的观测背景、方法特点和研究进展，结果表明TMDL 计划对于改善水质切实有效。我们应借鉴该计划对中国水污染总量控制进行靶向治理、精准管控。从实际水环境出发，综合考虑点源和非点源污染，开发适用于各流域不同水体特点的水质模型、污染物负荷及水环境容量计算技术，制定中国版控污计划以提升水质。 - 关键词：
水环境；污染负荷；水质模型 - Abstract: The research mechanisms, remote controlling methods, and process progress for total water pollution control in China urgently need improvement. By analyzing the observational background, methodological characteristics, and research advancements of the United States’ Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program for rivers, it is evident that the TMDL plan is effective in improving water quality. We should draw lessons from this plan to implement targeted governance and precise management for water pollution control in China. Based on the actual water environment, we should comprehensively consider both point-source and non-point-source pollution, develop water quality models and pollutant load and environmental capacity calculation techniques suitable for the characteristics of different water bodies in various river basins, and establish a Chinese version of the pollution control plan to improve water quality.
- Key words: water environment; pollutant loads; water quality models