- 公共空间设施配置与复合利用
- 文章编号：1009-6000(2026)07-0007-07
- 中图分类号：TU246.2；D669.6 文献标识码：B
- Doi：10.3969/j.issn.1009-6000.2026.07.002
- 项目基金：云南省哲学社会科学规划项目（Y B202587）；云南财经大学科学研究基金项目（2023D48)；云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目（2025J0572，2025J0554）。
- 作者简介：范茜，云南财经大学高原山地土地利用重点实验室，讲师，博士，研究方向为城乡规划；
吕冰心，云南财经大学物流与管理工程学院，研究方向为城乡规划；
邹阳，云南财经大学物流与管理工程学院，研究方向为城乡规划；
何元斌，云南财经大学高原山地土地利用重点实验室，教授，研究方向为土地资源管理；姬超，通信作者，云南财经大学高原山地土地利用重点实验室，讲师，博士，研究方向为城乡融合发展。
- 云南省养老机构空间分布特征及分异成因探究
- Exploring the Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Differentiating Factors of Elderly Care Institution in Yunnan Province
- 范茜 吕冰心 邹阳 何元斌 姬超
- FAN Xi LYU Bingxin ZOU Yang HE Yuanbin JI Chao
- 摘要：
随着老龄化程度的日益加深，养老机构成为解决养老问题的有效途径，分析养老机构空间分布特征及分异成因对提升养老服务质量具有重要的现实意义。文章以云南省民政厅 2023 年 11 月公布的云南省正常营业的 823 家养老机构为研究对象，借助 ArcGIS平台的最邻近分析、热点分析与核密度分析工具探讨云南省养老机构的空间分布特征，并运用地理探测器探究其空间分异成因。结果表明：（1）云南省养老机构空间格局呈团块状分布，空间分布密度表现为“东多西少，南北少中部多”。（2）云南省养老机构的空间关联性较差，在滇中、东北地区形成热点区，且热点区仅占全省的 5.7%，次热点区占全省的 16.27%，发展辐射带动作用弱。（3）地理探测器单因子探测表明：地区生产总值、服务业供给规模、公共财政支出是影响云南省养老机构空间分布的主要因素。（4）交互探测反映：云南省养老机构空间分布是多因素综合作用的结果，因子的交互作用均表现为双因子增强，云南省养老机构的分布受经济因素主导。 - 关键词：
养老机构；老年人口；地理探测器；空间分异 - Abstract: As population aging intensifies, elderly care institutions have become an effective way to solve the problem of elderly care. Analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics and differentiating factors of these elderly care institutions has important practical significance for improving the quality of elderly care services. This article takes the 823 normal operating elderly care institutions in Yunnan province announced by the Yunnan Provincial Department of Civil Affairs in November 2023 as the research object, using ArcGIS platform’s nearest neighbor analysis, hotspot analysis and kernel density analysis tools to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of elderly care institutions in Yunnan province, and employs geographic detector method to explore the causes of its spatial differentiation. The results show that: (1) The elderly care institutions in Yunnan province exhibit a clustered spatial pattern, with the spatial distribution density characterized by “more in the east and less in the west, fewer in the north and south and more in the middle”. (2) The spatial correlation of elderly care institutions in Yunnan province is weak, with hotspots concentrated in the central and northeastern regions of Yunnan, accounting for only 5.7% of the province, and sub-hotspots accounting for 16.27% of the province, indicating weak development radiation and driving effects on surrounding areas. (3) The single factor detection of geographic detectors shows that regional GDP, service industry supply scale, and public financial expenditure are the most significant factors affecting the spatial distribution of elderly care institutions in Yunnan province. (4) The interaction detection reflects that the spatial distribution of elderly care institutions in Yunnan province is the result of the combined effect of multiple factors, and the interaction of factors all show a double-factor enhancement effect, with economic factors being the dominant factor in the distribution of elderly care institutions in Yunnan province.
- Key words: elderly care institutions; elderly population; geographic detector; spatial differentiation