- 城市管理
- 文章编号:1009-6000(2020)03-0092-06
- 中图分类号:F291 文献标识码:A
- Doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6000.2020.03.014
- 项目基金:国家自然科学基金项目(41971156):多重异质性下交通发展与城市空间重构的互动响应研究。
- 作者简介:孙铁山,北京大学政府管理学院;
刘玉晨,北京大学政府管理学院。
- 中国城市增长的类型及影响因素:基于人口和经济增长同步性的讨论
- Growth Patterns and Factors Influencing the Growth of Chinese Cities: An Empirical Analysis of the Synchronicity of Urban Population and Economic Growth
- 浏览量:
- 孙铁山 刘玉晨
- SUN Tieshan LIU Yuchen
- 摘要:
人口和经济的增长是城市增长最重要的两个方面。在城市的不同发展阶段,人口和经济的增长并不总是同步的,其增长的相对差异会体现为不同的城市增长型式。以中国地级及地级以上城市为研究对象,基于人口—经济增长的同步性划分中国城市的增长类型,并分析不同类型城市的增长特征及影响因素。研究发现,不同增长类型的城市反映了不同发展阶段的城市发展特征。城市发展初期,以显著的经济增长为特征,工业发展和地方专业化是城市经济增长的核心,而随着城市规模扩大,劳动生产率的提升不断吸引人口迁入和增长,人口和经济增长逐步实现良性互动,城市增长的正反馈机制形成。当城市达到较大规模时,城市经济的驱动逐步由工业转向服务业,城市经济转型,从生产型城市向消费型城市转变,经济的多样化和地方品质的提升成为驱动城市增长的核心。基于人口—经济增长同步性划分的城市增长类型有助于理解我国城市增长的路径,不同增长类型的城市应根据自身所处的发展阶段制定差异化的发展策略。 - 关键词:
城市增长;人口增长;经济增长;同步性;城市品质; - Abstract: Population and economic growth are the two most important aspects of urban growth. In different stages of urban development, the growth of urban population and economy is not always synchronous, and the relative difference between them will indicate different patterns of urban growth. Using a sample of Chinese cities at the prefecture level and above, this paper classifies Chinese cities into four types of growth patterns based on the synchronicity of urban population and economic growth, and analyzes the characteristics of and the factors influencing the growth patterns of Chinese cities. The study found that different growth patterns reflect the development characteristics of cities at different stages. At the initial stage of urban development, urban growth is characterized by the significant economic growth, which is mainly driven by the industrialization and local specialization. With the continuous growth of cities, the improvement of labor productivity continues to attract the labor migration and leads to the urban population growth, and at this stage, the growth of urban population and economy becomes more and more synchronous, and the positive feedback mechanism of urban growth has gradually formed. When the city size reaches a certain scale, the driving force of urban economic growth gradually shifts from industry to service sectors, and with the urban transformation from the productive city to the consumer city, the diversification of urban economy and the improvement of urban amenities become the core forces driving urban growth. The classification of growth patterns of Chinese cities based on the synchronicity of urban population and economic growth helps to understand the path of urban growth in China, and cities with different growth patterns should adopt different development strategies according to their own development stages.
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