- 规划与建设
- 文章编号：1009-6000(2024)12-0071-08
- 中图分类号：F292 文献标识码：B
- Doi：10.3969/j.issn.1009-6000.2024.12.011
- 项目基金：国家自然科学基金项目（42171190）。
- 作者简介：石雯茜，北京大学城市与环境学院博士研究生，研究方向为国土空间规划；马亮，通信作者，北京大学城市与环境学院研究员，研究方向为城市规划与公共健康、可持续交通与土地利用；
黄言，北京大学城市与环境学院博士研究生；
林坚，北京大学城市与环境学院教授，研究方向为土地利用规划、城市规划。
- 低收入社区环境对居民主观幸福感的影响 ——基于混合方法的研究
- The Impact of Neighborhood Environment on Residents’ Subjective Well-Being in Low-Income Communities: A Mixed-Methods-Based Study
- 浏览量：
- 石雯茜 马亮 黄言 林坚
- SHI Wenqian MA Liang HUANG Yan LIN Jian
- 摘要：
良好的社区环境对于提升居民主观幸福感具有重要意义。文章基于马斯洛需求层次理 论，选取西安市4个不同类型的低收入社区，采用深度访谈与梯度提升决策树（GBDT） 相结合的方法，探讨社区环境对预测居民主观幸福感的贡献度及其在不同社区的异质性。 结果表明，社区社会环境对居民主观幸福感的贡献度高于建成环境。此外，社区环境对 预测居民主观幸福感的贡献度在不同类型低收入社区中存在显著差异。一方面，社区归 属感对单位大院和回迁房居民的幸福感贡献度最高，社会融合对城中村和棚户区居民幸 福感贡献最重要。另一方面，更新改造后社区的社会环境得分和居民主观幸福感水平低 于未改造社区，且社会环境对主观幸福感的贡献更强。这表明城市更新过程不仅需要改 善物质环境，也需要关注社区原有的社会关系和社会结构。本研究为促进幸福社区建设、 提升低收入社区居民主观幸福感的相关政策提供了启示。 - 关键词：
低收入社区；社区环境；居民幸福感；梯度提升决策树；GBDT；；西安； - Abstract: Neighborhood environment in good quality has a critical role in boosting residents’ subjective well-being. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory provides an idea and a framework for analyzing the impact of urban renewal on residents’ subjective well-being. In order to determine the relative importance of neighborhood environment factors in influencing residents’ subjective well-being and to highlight how they vary across neighborhood types, the paper selected four different types of low-income communities in Xi’an, including two renewable communities and two unrenewable communities, and used a combination of in-depth interviews and Gradient Boosting Decision Trees (GBDT) to presents a thorough analysis of the relative importance of neighborhood environment for predicting residents’ subjective well-being. It is found that: Residents’ subjective well-being was significantly influenced by neighborhood environment, with the social environment contributing more than the built environment. In addition, the contribution of community environment to predicting residents’ subjective well-being varied significantly across different types of low-income neighborhoods. On the one hand, the impact of the local social environment to the subjective well-being of people varied significantly across different types of communities. The most important social environment variable affecting the subjective well-being of residents of work-unit yard and redeveloped community was sense of community belonging, while social integration was the most important social environment variable affecting the subjective well-being of residents of urban village and shantytown. On the other hand, social environment scores and residents’ subjective well-being levels were lower in the renewed neighborhoods than in the unrenovated neighborhoods, and the contribution of social environment to subjective well-being was stronger. This suggests that the process of urban renewal requires not only improving the physical environment, but also paying attention to the original social relations and social structure of the community. This study offers insights into strategies that promote the development of happy communities and improve the subjective well-being of inhabitants in low-income neighborhoods.
- Key words: low-income community; neighborhood environment; residential subjective well-being; Gradient Boosting Decision Trees (GBDT); Xi’an
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